
The US‑Israeli strikes on Iran and swift regional retaliation has triggered significant instability across global energy and shipping markets. Prices are climbing, key routes are compromised, and one of the world’s most strategically important waterways has faced temporary closure. With such extensive disruption, many businesses are asking an inevitable question: do these events trigger force majeure or material adverse change rights under their contracts?
Force Majeure: The Essentials
Under English law, the term is simply a label for a type of contractual provision designed to address unexpected, disruptive events.



